Inside human brain

Sunday, December 30, 2012

Teenage Years Are Depressing

ÐÏà¡±á��>��þÿ ��2��4��þÿÿÿ��1��ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á�M ��ð¿��'��bjbjâ=â=�� "0��€W��€W�� #�� ÿÿ��ÿÿ��ÿÿ��l��@��@��@��@��@��@��@��–��–��–��–��8��Î��Ú��–��™��¶��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��$��O�� o��r��>��@��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��>��@��@��ò��ò��S��ò��@��ò��@��ò��ò��ú��ü��@��@��ü��ò��æ�� "gþÜâÄ–��–��ò��ü��ü��i��0��™��ü��á��á��ü��T�� t��"��@��@��@��@��Ù��Teenage Years Are Depressing Teenage years are depressing because they are going through some of the biggest changes in their life. Teens start high school and have to deal with being little in a school again. They go through major hormonal changes. Their bodies develop and grow. They have to decide whether or not they are going to college or not. If they choose college, then what college will meet their needs the best? Will they even be accepted to the college they want to go to? These are major decisions and changes they have never experienced before. Then there is the daily life. They wake up in the morning dreading school, they know they have to go. They just don't want to go. Then they get ready and go to school. They are depressed about school. They go to all their classes. The end of the day is nearing and they may be depressed about having to go home. Their family life might be bad. They go home and what do you do? Sit down, watch television, play a video game, lock themselves in their room, or just going around being mad at everyone and their life. This really is the pits. They need to change their life whether it be changing their after school activity or changing their attitude. Depression is defined as a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies. No two people feel or experience depression the same way. The symptoms and causes of depression are very different for everyone. Lawrence Clayton, Ph.D. and Sharon Carter write, "The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [reported that] for 4 to 10 percent of the American public at any given time the ["downer"] mood doesn't lift." They also reported that one quarter of the population would experience a major depressive period during their lifetime (8). One out of four people will have a problem with depression in the United States. NIMH also reported that "approximately 4 out of a 100 teenagers get seriously depressed each year. Clinical Depression is a serious illness that can affect anybody, INCLUDING TEENAGERS" ("Let's Talk" 1). Gerald D. Oster, Ph.D., Sarah S. Montgomery, MSW, write, "Clinical depression refers to a condition marked by the changes in one's mood and by associated behaviors that range from a mild degree of sadness to intensely experienced feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thought's" (43). Did you know suicide is the second leading cause for death in teenagers? "Suicidal thoughts, remarks, or attempts are ALWAYS SERIOUS…if any of there happen to you or a friend, you must tell a responsible adult IMMEDIATELY …it's better to be safe than sorry" ("Let's Talk" 3). According to a website called Depression.com "Each year 250,000 teens attempt suicide, and 2,000 complete it. Since 1960, teen suicides have doubled. Girls are more likely to attempt suicide, but boys kill themselves four times more often, usually with guns ("Depression" 1)." Suicide is not the answer. According to Lawrence Clayton, Ph.D. and Sharon Carter there are a lot of symptoms to depression: The symptoms to look for in yourself, or anyone you suspect may be depressed, are as follows: social withdrawal, lack of interest in usual activities, frequent tearfulness, unkempt appearance, belief that no one cares, feelings of hopelessness, beginning or increasing use of alcohol or other drugs, inappropriate feelings of guilt, pessimistic outlook, excessive anxiety, low self-esteem, inability to concentrate, excessive irritability, difficulty in making decisions, prolonged sadness, recurrent thoughts of death, desire for revenge, thoughts of suicide, sudden drop in grades or work performance, very high or low energy level, sleeping too much or not enough, loss of appetite or overeating, and confusion. They do not need to be experiencing all of these symptoms to have a problem. Experiencing any four is enough to warrant concern (9-10). They should definitely get help if their problem persists over two weeks. Why are they having these problems? Is it their grades, their relationship with their friends and family, alcohol, drugs, sex, or is it something else? The causes for depression vary. Someone might get depressed because they spilt milk in front of everyone in the cafeteria and everyone turns and looks. If the same thing happened to someone else, it would not even bother him or her. Some people the weather effects them and they become depressed; on the other hand, a person can become depressed when a good event in their life is about to occur. Clayton and Carter describe six stages of depression: change, pain, anger, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. The stages go in that order but they can stop at any stage or can regress. Change is described as being hard for teenagers because they have experienced time as slower then adults. Adults have been around longer so time passes quicker for adults. Change is hard for teenagers because most fear risks like asking a peer out on a date. The second stage is pain. Good and bad change occurs in ones life. With teenagers, good change can be a devastating as bad. Graduating from high school is painful, knowing they might not ever see their peers again. While bad change can hurt like rejection, relationships ending, and a death of a loved one. Change can be very painful for teenagers because they have not had enough exposure to it. Teenagers do not always understand the pain will pass and will not hurt as much. Clayton and Carter go on to say that anger comes from pain. When the pain hurts, teenagers can become angry. How they deal with their anger depends on how depressed they will become. They can handle their pain in different ways: dissociation, projection, passive aggressiveness, displacement, minimization, denial, repression, somatization, diffusion, and expression. They should be aware of which way they express their anger. Guilt can cause one to blame themselves for a romantic rejection, failing to reach an important goal, receiving less than acceptable grades, or failing to be admitted to a particular college. For example a teenager's parents breaking up causes them to feel the blame for their parents being separated. This guilt obviously is inappropriate because they had no responsibility in their parents not getting along. The depression gets worse from the guilt. The teenager starts feeling hopeless. The hopelessness then takes over and they feel worthless. When the worthlessness sets in, they are showing signs of depression. Worthlessness then turns into thoughts about how everyone would be better off without them. The teen then feels they don't want to deal with life anymore (Clayton and Carter 74-79). Here are a few quick fixes depressed teenagers can try: do some form of exercise, eat a banana, drink a couple of glasses of water, keep a journal of everything they eat, laugh frequently, have a good cry, change the scene, do volunteer work, do something thoroughly selfish, start a fitness program, hang around happy people, plan an escape, talk to they school counselor, go to the library, change their sleeping patter, get some sun, start a project, cut caffeine from their diet, move away, go to college, live with a relative, get a job, or join the military. If none of these things work then the next step is therapy. Therapy will only work if they want it to work. When they start therapy most teenagers are scared to open up. The therapist takes an oath not to release any information unless they are self-harming. If they are trying and nothing is improving, it perhaps could be because they have a chemical imbalance in their head. The therapist is the only one who can tell them whether or not they need to be put on medication or receive some other treatment. Oster and Montgomery list things to remember when teenagers go to counseling: Many adolescents believe that therapy is for "crazy" people. It is helpful to explain that therapy is for people who are feeling emotional hurts and pains and need an objective listener. There are many therapists willing to help; it is up to you to find a qualified and personable professional. Most teens feel a sense of relief after entering therapy and find it useful to be able to share personal feelings and secrets. Individual therapists come from a number of different theoretical perspectives, including psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral. Most therapies are helpful to reduce present family tension and to enhance communication (128). Depression in teenagers in the United States has grown through the years. 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Subliminal Advertising

ÐÏà¡±á��>��þÿ ��5��7��þÿÿÿ��4��ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì¥Á�M ��ð¿��A-��bjbjâ=â=�� "6��€W��€W��3)�� ÿÿ��ÿÿ��ÿÿ��l��@��@��@��@��@��@��@��–��–��–��–��8��Î��Ú��–��¶��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��$��7�� W��f��&��@��ò��ò��ò��ò��ò��&��@��@��ò��ò��;��ò��@��ò��@��ò��ò��â��ä��@��@��ä��ò��æ��òýÜâÄ–��–��ò��ä��ä��Q��0��ä��½��½��ä��T�� t��"��@��@��@��@��Ù��Subliminal Advertising Subliminal advertising: A collective term for public announcements designed to promote the sale of specific commodities or services while being integrated below the threshold of perception or awareness.To sell products, merchants consciously use subliminal advertising as a basis for general consumerism. This seems like an unnecessary task, but when taken into consideration all the people, who have expressed their disbelief in its effectiveness, it is obvious to see how vital and necessary such a task commands. Through this, corporations must take on new strategies and methods of persuasion and justification. The importance is that advertisers rely on a trust relationship with consumers in order to successfully subliminally sell products. In other words, those who don't believe in subliminal advertising, are its likely victims.The effect of subliminal advertising on the individual and the culture has been influenced and promoted by many different elements. Let it be magazines, newspapers or radio; but the most prominent in this field is television. Television advertising influences the choices we make, perhaps more so than anyone cares to believe. It may not be so obvious, but even teachers face competition with advertising. Television stations, for example, have some four billion dollars a year from industry to spend on programming for the same students that teacher's face. Nicholas Johnson, a former Federal Communications Commission Commissioner from 1966 to 1973 writes that television is diametrically opposed to almost everything a teacher tries to do:TV tells them that the only thing necessary to give them all the joys in life and the values that are important is the acquisition of yet another product. TV is telling them to sit still and don't think. TV is telling them that they are to be treated as a mass.He writes that it is extremely important to understand this force in our society if a teacher is to deal with it. He writes the most important thing to know is that advertising is a business. Johnson continues:It is the business of selling. But what it is in the business of selling is you and your students. You are the product being sold. Who are you being sold to? You're being sold to an advertiser. It is the advertiser who is the consumer in this equation. The advertiser is buying you. The advertiser is buying you from the broadcaster. And why the advertiser is buying you is because he wants you to look at his message; his billboard, his magazine ad, and in this instance, his TV commercial.But in any study of advertising and advertising effects it is difficult to agree on what are clearly examples of advertising and what are clearly not. This is more difficult to do than it seems. Television is an excellent example of why this is so difficult in their attempt to influence purchasing decisions. He writes that the sole purpose of the television programs between the commercials is to act as an attention getting device. The scripts are written to build tension before the commercial to hold the viewer's attention during the commercial. He writes that once they have that attention,... what is the advertiser trying to sell you? Products? No. He's trying to sell you a religion. What is it? It's the philosophy known as materialism. If you watch television closely, you'll see that there's no real difference between the programs and the commercials. Indeed, if you turn on a television set you often can't tell what it is that you've just turned on. Is it a commercial or a program? Suppose you tune into a Hawaiian beach scene. All right, there's a big hotel in the background and palm trees and there's this brand new car on the beach and this couple strolling across the beach. Now you don't know whether that's going to turn out to be a scene of one of these cops-and-robbers programs or whether it's a commercial. It is even more important to note, however, that you don't know what it's going to be a commercial for. That's because every commercial is a commercial for all products.Most of us are aware of the huge amount of sophisticated research generated by the advertising industry to refine its persuasion techniques. We even feel comfortable admidst our advertisement-plagued society. Although subliminal advertising may be effective, the most difficult factor is relaying the message to possible consumers. Such advertising techniques include flash messaging, buzz words, celebrity endorsements, emotion targeting, fear and the oh-so common bandwagon method.Flash messaging is a common technique where a viewer is influenced by quick images and messages for a very short period of time. The subconscious registers this almost like it never occurred. All of this is pleasing to the eye; flashy colour, or a picture with a sexual innuendo. Another factor would be KISS (Keep It Sweet & Simple). All of these affect the success of the ad and the final result for the product at hand.A more cunning way to influence the buyer is to target your emotions. To question yourself is most successful for an advertiser. Although seeing sick hungry children living in a run down village in some 3rd world country may lead to your donating money, there are some ethics involved in purposely tampering with one's emotions. Through all of this, this method of persuasion is most effective.A technique usually described as using "buzz words" is found more in prints than on television or radio. If we are scrolling through a newspaper and we see an exciting flashy word, our eyes tend to draw towards it. Companies are entirely aware of this, so that is why they flash words on their ads like, "FREE," "NEW," "HURRY." Something about these words makes the reader want to see what the fuss is all about, and to read the company's ad. Not always will there be "buzz words" embedded into the ad that look flashy. They may not have any significant meaning, but they are added in and seem successful in relaying the message. Words like, homemade, improved, 100%, tasty, and the list goes onEndorsements by celebrities have through the years lost their edge and have mostly looked down upon the endorser. Michael Jordan is selling you Gatorade, Jerry Seinfeld is backing up American Express, and Paul Reiser wants you to use AT&T. The purpose is to subliminally give the product traits that it never even deserves, like wealth, fame, and success. When Michael Jordan is seen drinking Gatorade and then going for a 360-slam dunk, the company wants you to think that you as well are capable of the same feats. Besides the less obvious, there is simply the fact that a company wants a famous celebrity to present a product, rather than some common person."Everybody else is doing it, so why aren't you?"Using the bandwagon technique for many already established corporations has been quite successful. Companies that have already achieved marvelous success will start using advertisements, suggesting it is second nature to buy the product. As if it had such a high demand rate that without it, life would be dysfunctional. For instance, the new saying from McDonald's is, "Did somebody say McDonald's?" There is so much behind that quote than what it actually says. It gives you the idea that they are the best, the tastiest, and the most popular, without really even telling you without being up front about it. McDonald's knows that they are successful, so they do not need some cheap gimmick to sell their food, all they have to do is be there, and the people will flock. The Fear technique, where they inform the consumer that not purchasing a certain product will be disastrous on your own self. This technique targets the most primitive emotion; fear. Mostly used on people that are uncomfortable with their self, insecure and believe that they need some personal improving. The most known method would be the BEFORE/AFTER scene, where there is a comparison between an obviously terrible picture and a beautified picture.As Nicholas Johnson indicated, "TV sells the great religion known as materialism" (p.157). In the media, product acquisition and consumption equate to good health, success, exultation, enchantment, moral righteousness, ethical certainty, trust, faith, superiority, coolness, freedom, liberty, self-esteem, confidence, democracy, etc; quite simply, the most any human could ever hope to attain and more. And ownership is only part of the equation—consumption of the product counts more; and, the acquisition of the product counts even more manifestly. In fact, to attain an even greater sense of good health, success, high standards, moral righteousness, ethical certainty, coolness, self-esteem, confidence, fulfillment, meaning, and absolute purposefulness in life. A person needs only to borrow the money or charge the purchase…The subliminal advertising effect is probably the most difficult aspect of any study of advertising. The extent of this influence probably cannot be measured. Many components can be analyzed to discover possible effects on human attitudes and behavior, but none can be for certain.We need to divide the concept advertising into small parts or components in order to analyze that effect. Possible narrow components include: non-verbal communication by models in television commercials, speech tones and its effect in radio commercials, or subliminal words and/or symbols in magazine advertisementsOur way of life involves a lot more than anyone wants to believe. The need for developing individual awareness of the power of advertising is increasing, but it seems that what we consciously perceive of our world is constantly decreasing. The brain has to sort through the overwhelming amount of sensory input data and consciously acknowledge only what it deems important or necessary for our immediate survival. Oftentimes our defense mechanisms even keep us from consciously acknowledging data that is necessary for our survival such as piercing through to the message conveyed in subliminal advertising. Even as we are aware of the nature of perceiving, subliminal symbols and/or words in magazine advertisements are difficult to recognize when first attempted. Wilson Key has written, "As a culture, North America might well be described as one enormous, complex, magnificent, self-service, subliminal massage parlor."In short, the effect that advertising (whatever this concept might include) has on human buying attitudes and behavior is of almost incomprehensible complexity. ��1-��2-��A-��û��CJ�aJ��/-��1-��2-��3-��4-��5-��6-��7-��8-��9-��:-��;-��<-��=-��>-��?-��@-��A-��ù��ù��ù��È��Æ��Ä��Æ��Ä��Æ��Â��Æ��Â��Æ��Ä��Æ��Â��Æ��Æ��Æ��1��$$If��T�Ö��`€ˆÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿö"6ÖÿÿÿÿÖÿÿÿÿÖÿÿÿÿÖÿÿÿÿ4Ö��aö��$If��3-��@-��þþ�� 1h°Ð/ °à=!°"°# $ %°��
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